An Analysis over the RTI Regime and the Review of Students' Answersheets in Nepal

P;=Pn=;L=k/LIffsf] pQ/k'l:tsf x]g]{ ;DaGwdf ;"rgfsf] xssf] k|of]usf] l:ylt

k|To]s ljBfyL{sf] pRrlzIffsf] nflu k|j]z4f/ dflgPsf] P;=Pn=;L= kl/Iffsf] k/LIffkmnk|lt /fli6«o:t/s} rf;f] /x]sf] kfOG5 . t/ k|To]s jif{h;f] P;=Pn=;L= k/LIffsf] kl/Iffkmndf x'g] u/]sf cgk]lIft uNtL tyf nfk{jfxLsf sf/0f w]/} lszf]/lszf]/L ljBfyL{x? dfgl;s tgfj em]Ng afWo 5g\ . o;df ;"rgfsf] xssf] ;lx k|of]u Ps k|efjsf/L pkrf/ l;4 x'g ;S5 .

“;a} clwsf/sf] cfwf/, ;"rgfsf] clwsf/” eGg] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] ;fwf/0f ;efsf] ;+sNk g+= %( -!_ ;g\ !($^ kfl/t ePkZrft xfn;Dd ljZjsf !)) eGbf a9L /fi6«x?n] ;"rgfsf] xsnfO{ ;+ljwfgdf Pj+ sfg'gsf] lgdf0f{ u/L /fi6«sf ;d:t gful/sdf lglxt x'g] u/L ;'/lIft ug{ yfln;s]sf 5g\ .

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf] bkmf @& tyf ;"rgfsf] xs;DaGwL P]g @)^$ n] klg k|To]s g]kfnL gful/snfO{ JolQmut Pj+ ;fdflhs k|of]hgsf nflu s'g} klg ;fj{hlgs lgsfoaf6 pQm lgsfo;Fu ;DalGwt ah]6, gLlt tyf sfo{qmd, ljleGg lg0f{ox? Pj+ cGo ;"rgfx? k|fKt ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt u/]sf] 5 .

ljBfyL{hutdf ;"rgfsf] xssf] k|of]u Hofb} g} cfjZos Pj+ pkof]uL dflgG5 lsgeg] ljBfyL{x? kl/Iffsf] kl/Iffkmnk|lt ;Gt'i6 gePdf jf ;f];DalGw s'g} lh1f;f ePdf ;"rgfsf] xs k|of]u u/]/ cfkm"n] lbPsf] kl/Iffdf k|To]s ljifosf] pQ/k'l:tsf s] s;/L k/LIf0f ul/P5 / s'g pQ/nfO{ slt c+s lbOP5 eGg] s'/f hfGgsf nflu pQm pQ/k'l:tsfsf] gSsn g} dfu ul/ x]g{ ;lsG5 . ljBfyL{n] ;"rgfsf] xssf] k|of]u cfˆgf] pQ/k'l:tsf x]g{sf nflu k|of]u ubf{ olb pQ/k'l:tsfdf c+s lbbfF ulNt ePsf] eP ;f] ;Rofpg] df}sf ldNb5 eg] k/LIffdf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vbf s] slt s'/fdf Wofg k'¥ofpg'kg]{ /x]5 ;f]sf] af/]df klg hfgsf/L x'G5 . g]kfndf ljutsf P;=Pn=;L= kl/Iffsf ;xefuL w]/}n] cfˆgf] pQ/k'l:tsf x]g]{ ;Gbe{df ;"rgfsf] xssf] ;kmn k|of]ux? ul/;s]sf 5g\ h;df g]kfnsf] ;jf]{Rr cbfnt Pj+ /fli6«o ;"rgf cfof]usf lg0f{ox?n] klg dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf 5g\ .

;"rgfsf] xs;DaGwL P]g @)^$ sf] bkmf # sf] k|of]u u/L kl/Iff lgoGq0f sfof{nodf lnlvt lgj]bg lbO{ cfk"m ;lDdlnt kl/Iffsf] ;DalGwt ljifosf] pQ/k'l:tsfsf] k|ltlnlk dfu ug{ ;lsG5 eg] sfg'gadf]lhd z'Ns nfUg] eP pQm z'Ns lnO{ pQ/k'l:tsfsf] k|ltlnlk pknAw u/fpg' ;DalGwt lgsfosf] sfg'gL st{Jo x'g]5 . olb pQm lgsfon] pQ/k'l:tsf pknAw u/fpg OGsf/ u/]df /fli6«o ;"rgf cfof]udf ph'/L lbg ;lsG5 .

pQ/k'l:tsf x]g]{ ;jfndf ;"rgfsf] xs;DaGwL P]g @)^$ / o;sf] lgodfjnL @)^% nfu" ePkZrft / /fli6«o ;"rgf cfof]usf] lj=;+= @)^% df :yfkgf ePnuQ} z+s/b]j SofDk; aL=aL=P;= t];|f] jif{df cWoog/t ljBfyL{ ljho cof{nn] lqe'jg ljZjljBfno k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no;Fu cfˆgf] aL=aL=P;= k|yd jif{sf] Business Statistics / English  ljifosf] pQ/k'l:tsfsf] k|ltlnlk kfpFm egL ;"rgfsf] xs;DaGwL P]g @)^$ sf] bkmf # 4f/f k|4Q clwsf/ k|of]u u/L ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf &-!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg lbPsf]df k|f/Dedf k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{nosf] uf]kgLotfsf] xjfnf lbb}F lgj]bsn] dfu u/]adf]lhd ;"rgf lbg OGsf/ ul/of] t/ /fli6«o ;"rgf cfof]usf] lgj]bsnfO{ gLhn] dfu u/]adf]lhdsf] pQ/k'l:tsf pknAw u/fpg' egL ldlt @)^^÷)%÷@( df ePsf] cfb]zkZrft lqe'jg ljZjljBfno /lhi6«f/ Pj+ lqe'jg ljZjljBfno s]lGb|o kl/Iff ;~rfns ;ldltsf cWoIfn] ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf lj=;+= @)^^ ;fndf /fli6«o ;"rgf cfof]u Pj+ ljBfyL{ ljho cof{nlj?4 l/6 lgj]bg ;d]t btf{ u¥of] / /fli6«o ;"rgf cfof]usf] ldlt @)^^÷)%÷@( sf] cfb]z ab/ u/fpg dfu u¥of] . pQm l/6 lgj]bgpk/ lgs} uxg ax;kZrft ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] ldlt @)^*÷)@÷)$ df /fli6«o ;"rgf cfof]usf] ldlt @)^^÷)%÷@( sf] cfb]znfO{ ;dy{g ub}{ gLh ljho cof{nfO{ gLhn] dfu u/]sf cfˆgf pQ/k'l:tsfsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ km};nf ub}{ To;/L pQ/k'l:tsfsf] k|ltlnlk pknAw u/fpFbf kfngf ug'{kg]{ zt{x? egL lgDg adf]lhdsf] k/dfb]z hf/L u¥of] M

!= pQ/k'l:tsfsf] k|ltlnlk dfu ug]{ k|To]s k/LIffyL{n] cfˆgf] dfq pQ/k'l:tsfsf] k|ltlnlk dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 .

@= k|rlnt sfg'gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePklg jf/];dfkm{t jf c? JolQmsf] pQ/k'l:tsfsf] k|ltlnlk dfu ug{ kfOg] 5}g .

#= ljZjljBfnon] pknAw u/fPsf] k|j]z kq sf] cfwf/df dfq / ;DalGwt kl/IffyL{nfO{ dfq k|ltlnlk pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ .

$= k|ltlnkL b:t'/ slt lng] tyf dfu u/]sf] slt lbgleq pQ/k'l:tsfsf] k|ltlnlk sxfF pknAw u/fpg] eGg] s'/f lgj]bs ljZjljBfno cfkm}n] lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .

%= pQ/k'l:tsfdf k|fKt c+s sfg'g adf]lhd Retotalling x'g ;Sg]df / pQ/k'l:tsfdf e"na; s'g} c+s k|bfg ePsf] /x]g5 eg] To:tf]df sfg'g adf]lhd lgj]bs ljZjljBfnoaf6} k/LIf0f x'g]df afx]s cGoq jf c? s;}af6  k'gM pQ/k'l:tsf k/LIf0f x'g ;Sg] 5}g .

^= cGo cj:yfdf pQ/k'l:tsf k/LIf0f cyf{t hfFr ug]{ JolQmsf] klxrfg uf]Ko /fVg]5 .

;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] of] k}m;nfkZrft lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf ljBfyL{n] k/LIffkmnk|lt lrQ ga'em]df cfˆgf] pQ/k'l:tsf g} x]g{ kfpg] 9f]sf v'n]sf] lyof] . To;sf ;fy;fy} ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] pQm km};nf lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf] xsdf dfq nfu" x'g] geO{ g]kfnsf ;a} ljZjljBfno Pj+ ;d:t z}lIfs ;+:yfsf] xsdf ;d]t nfu" eof] .

P;=Pn=;L= k/LIffsf] kl/Iffkmn ;DaGwdf pQ/k'l:tsf pknAw u/fpgsf nflu lzIff dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^*÷)&÷!^ sf] dGqL:t/Lo lg0f{oaf6 dfWolds lzIff pQL0f{ k/LIff ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg lgb]{lzsf @)^* df kl/R5]b !# -s_ yk u/L pQ/k'l:tsf x]g{ kfpg] Joj:yf u/]sf] lyof] . o;cGt{ut P;=Pn=;L= k/LIffdf ;xefuL ljBfyL{n] cfˆgf] pQ/k'l:tsf x]g{÷k|ltlnlk kfpgsf nflu lgDg Joj:yfx? u/]sf] b]lvG5 M

!= kl/R5]b !# adf]lhd k'g{of]usf] gtLhf k|sfzg ePkl5 k'g{of]usf nflu lgj]bg lbPsf] ljifosf] k|fKtfÍpk/ klg lrQ ga'em]df k'g{of]usf nflu lgj]bg lbPsf] ljifosf] dfq pQ/k'l:tsf x]g{÷k|ltlnlk lng k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{nodf :jo+ pkl:yt e} lgj]bg lbg ;Sg],

@= pQm lgj]bg k'g{of]u gtLhf k|sfzg ePsf] !% lbgleq lbO;Sg' kg]{,

#= pQ/k'l:tsf x]g{÷k|ltlnlk lngsf nflu lgj]bg lbg] ljBfyL{n] k/LIffsf] k|j]z kqsf] ;Ssn k|lt, ;DalGwt k/LIffyL{sf] afa', afh]sf] gfd / :yfoL 7]ufgf v'n]sf] ljj/0fdf kmf]6f] /fvL ;DalGwt ljBfnosf] k|wfgfWofksn] k|dfl0ft u/]sf] sfuh ;+nUg x'g' kg]{ ;fy} ;DalGwt lhNnf lzIff clwsf/Lsf] l;kmfl/z klg ;+nUg ug'kg]{,

$= pQ/k'l:tsfsf] k|ltlnlk pknAw u/fpFbf ;f]sf] k|yd k[i7 pknAw gu/fOg],

%= pQ/k'l:tsfsf] k/LIfs÷;+k/LIfssf] gfd x]g{ jf dfUg gkfOg] / pQ/k'l:tsfsf] k'gM k/LIf0f÷÷;+k/LIf0f gx'g],

^= pQ/k'l:tsfdf k|bfg ul/Psf] c+snfO{ ;fj{hlgsLs/0f ug{ jf cGo pQ/k'l:tsf;Fu t'ngf u/L k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no jf cGo lgsfodf ph'/L ug{ gkfOg],

&= k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{non] tf]s]sf] sa'lnotgfdfdf x:tfIf/ ul/;s]kl5 dfq lgj]bs k/LIffyL{nfo{ pQ/k'l:tsfsf] k|ltlnlk pknAw u/fOg],

*= pQ/k'l:tsf x]g{ jf k|ltlnlk lng rfxg] k/LIffyL{n] k|lt ljifo ?= Ps xhf/ b:t'/ a'emfpg'kg]{ .

pko{'Qm Joj:yfnfO{ x]bf{ lzIff dGqfnon] ljBfyL{x?n] pQ/k'l:tsf x]g{÷k|ltlnlk lngsf nflu Psl5g /f]lsP/ ;f]Rg}kg]{ u/L lgod agfPsf] lyof] . of] lgod nfu" x'g'eGbf cuf8L t/ ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 pQ/k'l:tsf x]g{ kfpg] u/L km};nf u/]nut} lj=;= @)^* ;fn c;f/ ( ut] @)^& ;fnsf] lgoldt k|j]lzsf k/LIffsf kl/IffyL{ sf7df8f}Fsf cz]if Gof}kfg]n] k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{nodf cfkm"n] kl/Iff lbPsf ;a} ljifsf] pQ/k'l:tsfsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk ;"rgfsf] xs;DaGwL P]g @)^$ sf] bkmf # df k|bQ clwsf/ adf]lhd pknAw u/fO{ kfpFm egL lgj]bg lbPsf lyP . pQm lgj]bgpk/ k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{non] @)^* >fj0f !( ut] k'g{of]u Ps a}slNks dfWod eO/x]sf] tyf To;/L pQ/k'l:tsfsf] k|ltlnlk pknAw u/fpFbf k/LIfs÷;+k/LIfssf] hLp Hofgsf] ;'/Iffdf cf3ft kg]{ eGb} pQ/k'l:tsfsf] k|ltlnlk pknAw u/fpg c:jLsf/ u¥of] . k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{nosf] ;f] hjfkmpk/  /fli6«o ;"rgf cfof]udf ldlt @)^* >fj0f # ut] gLhn] lbPsf] ph'/Lpk/ cfof]un] @)^* >fj0f % ut] g} gLh lgj]bsn] dfu u/]sf] k|fKtfÍ;lxtsf] pQ/k'l:tsfx?sf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlkx? k/LIfssf] gfd gfd];L gv'Ng] u/L pknAw u/fpg' eGg] cfb]z u¥of] . o;}aLr lzIff dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^*÷)&÷!^ sf] dGqL:t/Lo lg0f{oaf6 dfWolds lzIff pQL0f{ k/LIff ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg lgb]{lzsf @)^* df kl/R5]b !# -s_ yk u/L pQ/k'l:tsf x]g{ kfpg] Joj:yf u/]kZrft gLh cz]if Gof}kfg]n] lgwf{l/t zt{x?sf] cwLgdf /lx pQ/k'l:tsfsf] k|ltlnlk lng kfpg] k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{non] cjut u/fof] . t/ pQm kl/R5]bdf ljBfyL{n] pQ/k'l:tsf x]g{ jf ;f]sf] k|ltlnlk lngsf nflu cgfjZos w]/} zt{x?sf] kfngf ug'{kg]{ ePsfn] k'gM ;f]sf] k'g/fjnf]sgsf nflu lgj]bsn] /fli6«o ;"rgf cfof]udf ph'/L lbg'eof] . pQm ph'/Lpk/ /fli6«o ;"rgf cfof]un] pQ/k'l:tsf sf] k|ltlnlk pknAw u/fpFbf nfUg] z'Nsnufot cGo zt{x?sf] k'g/fjnf]sgsf nflu k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{nonfO{ cfb]z lbof] . ;"rgf clwsf/ s]Gb|af6 ldlt @)&)÷)#÷)$ df k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{nodf ;"rgf dfu ePsf]df  pQm sfof{noaf6 pknAw u/fOPsf] dfWolds lzIff plQ0f{ k/LIff ;~rfng tyf Joj:yflksf lgb]{lzsf @)^*sf] ;+zf]lwt k|fjwfgdf eg] pQ/k'l:tsfsf] k|ltlnlk lngsf nflu ;DalGwt lhNnfsf lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L Pj+ ;DalGwt ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofkssf] l;kmfl/; rflxg] k|fjwfg x6fOPsf] b]lvG5 eg] z'Ns klg ;ft ;o ?k}Fof x'g] u/L 36fOPsf] b]lvG5 . o;nfO{ ;DalGwt lgsfon] ;"rgfsf] xssf] ;Ddfg Pj+ /fli6«o ;"rgf cfof]usf] cfb]zsf] kfngf u/]sf] :j?kdf cjZo klg lng ;lsG5 . tyfkL, ljBfyL{n] cfˆgf] pQ/k'l:tsf x]g{ kfpg] ;DaGwdf ePsf Joj:yfsf d'Vo sdhf]/Lx? lgDglnlvt 5g\ M

!= k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/sf] kl/;/df hfg] xf] eg] cglulGt ?kdf k'g{of]usf af/]df hfgsf/Lx? 6fF; ul/Psf 5g\ h;df k'g{of]usf nflu lbOPsf] lgj]bgpk/ #) lbgkZrft dfq} k'g{of]usf] glthf k|sfzg ug]{ egL pNn]v ePsf 5g\ . t/ slx st} klg pQ/k'l:tsf x]g{ kfpg] ;DaGwdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5}g . :d/0f /xf];\, P;=Pn=;L= kl/Iffdf s]lx ljifodf cg'lQ0f{ ljBfyL{x?sf] df}sf kl/Iff ;fdfGotM rfn' kl/Iffsf] kl/Iffkmn k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] Ps dlxgfnuQ} x'g] u/]sf] 5 . o:tf]df k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{nosf] pQ/k'l:tsf x]g{ rfxg] ljBfyL{nfO{ nfdf] ;do k'g{of]us} nflu kvf{P/ / df}sf kl/Iffdf ;xefuL geP csf]{ Ps jif{ v]/ hfg] 8/ b]vfO{ xtf]T;fxL agfpg] lgot k|i6 x'G5 .

@= pQ/k'l:tsfsf] k|ltlnlk lng jf x]g{ h'g ljifosf nflu k'g{of]usf] lgj]bg lbPsf] xf] ;f]xL ljifodf dfq kfOg] Joj:yf cfkm}df ljjflbt 5 . o;af6 ljBfyL{sf] aGb]h/lxt tj/af6 ;"rgfsf] xs k|of]u ug{df /f]s nfu]sf] l:ylt 5 .

#= kl/R5]b !#-s_ sf] %! s -@_ df k'g{of]u gtLhf k|sfzg ePsf] !% lbgleq pQ/k'l:tsf x]g{÷k|ltlnlk lngsf nflu lgj]bg lbO;Sg'kg]{ Joj:yf pNn]v ePtfklg ;f]sf] nflu lgj]bg lbPsf] slt ;doleq pQ/k'l:tsfsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk pknAw u/fO;Sg] eGg] slx st} pNn]v gx'Fbf cGof]nsf] l:ylt l;h{gf ePsf] 5 .

;dfg ?kdf lzIff cfh{g ug{ kfpg' ;a} gful/sf] ;+ljwfgk|4Q df}lns clwsf/ xf] eg] cfh{g u/]sf] lzIffsf] ;lx d'NofÍg x'g' / ;f] ePsf] 5 jf 5}g eGg] af/]df hfgsf/ x'g kfpg' klg df}lns clwsf/s} Pp6f kIf xf] . ;"rgfsf] xssf] pkof]lutfsf] ljljw If]qx?dWo] ljBfyL{n] cfˆgf] pQ/k'l:tsf x]g{ kfpg] klg Ps dxTjk"0f{ If]q xf] . o;sf] k|of]uaf6 k|zf;lgs ?kdf ljBfyL{sf] k/LIffkmndf x'g] u/]sf q'l6x? ;RofO{ ljBfyL{sf] eljio cGof}n x'gaf6 hf]lug ;S5 . t/ klg xfnsf] ;dodf o;sf] k|of]u vf;} ePsf] 5}g h;df o;;DaGwL ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 kof{Kt ;"rgf ;Dk|]if0f gx'g', cgfjZos tyf nfdf] k|s[of Pj+ zt{x? x'g' tyf ljBfyL{ tyf hg;fwf/0fdf o;lsl;dsf] Joj:yfaf/] kof{Kt hfgsf/L gx'g' cflb lhDd]jf/ 5g\ . t;y{M ;DalGwt lgsfo h:t} lzIff dGqfno Pj+ lzIff ljefu, k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no cflbn] ;"rgfsf] xs4f/f k|4Q pQ/k'l:tsfsf] k|ltlnlk lng kfpg] ljBfyL{sf] clwsf/nfO{ ;+s'lrt gug]{ u/L ;/nLs[t Joj:yf nfu" ug'{ cfjZos 5 eg] ljBdfg ;f];DaGwL lgb]{lzsf /fli6«o ;"rgf cfof]usf] lgb]{zgcg'?k k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . o;sf ;fy} pQ/k'l:tsf b]vfpg]÷pknAw u/fpg] sfg'gL bfloTjnfO{ k|zf;lgs emGem6 Pj+ cltl/Qm sfo{af]emsf ?kdf glnO{ ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ kf/bzL{ / hjfkmb]xL agfpg] Ps dxTjk"0f{ cf}hf/sf ?kdf lnOg' k5{ .